《基础矿床学》普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材PDF高清

asd · 发表于 2010-4-3 16:27

普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材
基础矿床学
薛春纪祁思敬隗合明等编著
基础矿床学.jpg

矿产资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础，为了寻找、发现、开发和利用矿产资源，逐步发展起来一门地学的分支学科——矿床学或称矿床地质学。矿床学的任务是研究矿床地质特征、形成条件和过程以及矿床的分布规律。矿床学研究的这些知识应用于矿产勘查、开发和利用的全过程，因此，是一门重要的应用基础科学。当前，矿产资源供需矛盾日趋严峻，国家能源、资源安全问题倍受关注，党和政府高度重视矿产资源的持续供应，正在大力加强勘查工作。为了培养新一代矿产勘查人才，需要努力做好矿床学的教学工作，摆在我们面前的《基础矿床学》就是适应这一需要而出版问世的。
三年前我参与审定了这部教材的编写提纲，近日，又通读了书稿全文，总的印象是这部教材有特色，有新意，简明通顺，理论联系实际，是一部地质资源类专业的适用教材。
现代矿床学研究比以前任何时候都更加重视矿床形成和保存的地质环境，将矿床研究与矿床产出的区域地质环境和岩石圈演化联系起来是现代矿床学的鲜明趋势。国内外传统矿床学教科书多以成矿作用为基本框架，《基础矿床学》在对此加以继承的同时，一改传统作法，从矿床形成和保存的地质环境出发，分基性-超基性岩浆环境中的岩浆矿床、酸性-碱性岩浆环境中的岩浆-热液矿床、岩浆-构造环境中的热液矿床、盆地沉积环境中的热水成因矿床、表生环境中风化-沉积矿床等分别论述，将宏观背景和矿床形成有机结合，颇具新意。
以往的矿床学教材，常包括“矿床学原理”（成因部分）和“矿床工业类型”（类型部分）两部分，内容偏多，体系庞杂，学生难以掌握。
针对这一情况，《基础矿床学》突出主要的矿床类型，并以矿床类型为主体，有机地将矿床特征、成因和勘查评价三方面的知识结合起来。对每一矿床类型首先介绍重要而典型的矿床实例，使学生有感性、基础知识；再在此基础上，分析成矿作用，即矿床形成条件与过程，将感性认识上升到理性认识；最后，阐明该类矿床的勘查评价要点，密切了理论与应用的联系。
《基础矿床学》的另一特点是突出“三基”（基本概念、基本原理、基本技能），贯彻少而精原则。围绕“三基”组织了丰富的实际资料，信息量大，论述简明，文字生动，逻辑性强，既是课堂教学的基础，又便于学生自学，有利于在教学中发挥学生的主体作用、教师的引导作用和实现教学互动。
本书作者长期从事矿床学和矿产勘查的教学与研究，具有厚实的理论基础和丰富的实践经验。在统一思想指导下，集体完成的《基础矿床学》既尊重传统，又富有特色；既内容丰富，又贯彻少而精原则；既突出“三基”，又具有开放性，是一部富有活力的好教材。不仅可供地质学、地球化学和资源勘查工程等专业学生学习，也可为相关学科研究生和从事矿床勘查与研究的同志们参考。
我衷心祝贺《基础矿床学》的出版，相信它将在教学实践中发挥重要作用，为培养人才做出应有的贡献。
前言
这本《基础矿床学》主要是为解决地质学与资源勘查工程等相关专业矿床学教学需要编写的。
编写组在总结本课程教学工作和研讨以前所用教材的基础上，对这次编写工作提出了三个层次的要求：①突出“三基”，控制份量，适于教学。②内容作必要的更新，要基本能反映本学科现状。③一些方面有自己的特色或创新，要体现学科发展方向。到现在我们只能说向着这些目标作了一定努力。
在内容选择和叙述形式方面我们有以下几点考虑：①在对矿床形成作用有了基本了解后，讲述的基点是主要矿产实际常见的矿床类型。②以中国矿床为主体，同时也包括一些特别重要并具典型意义的国外矿床。③每类矿床按基本问题概述、矿床类型和典型矿床、矿床成因研究及矿床勘查评价要点四个方面讲述。④参考文献集中列在书后，选择编入的既是编写时作为主要资料来源和依据的，又是推荐给学生学习时参看研读的。本书的基本读者对象是前述有关专业的本科生，也可以供准备考研和从事矿床勘查与研究工作的人员参考。
本书编写提纲经过多次集体讨论，参加各章节编写工作的是：第一、二章祁思敬、薛春纪、李英，第三、四、五章薛春纪、祁思敬、隗合明、张振飞，第六章祁思敬、薛春纪、李英，第七、八、九章隗合明、曾章仁，薛春纪，第十章祁思敬、隗合明、薛春纪，第十一章薛春纪、祁思敬，第十二章祁思敬、薛春纪，第十三章薛春纪、李英、隗合明、祁思敬，第十四章张振飞、薛春纪，高景岗、姚卫华清绘了书中插图。由于本书用于集中审改和统编的时间比较仓促，并且也还没有经过在教学实践中使用，所以一定存在我们尚未发现改正的缺点及问题。我们热切期待使用本书的老师、同学们、从事矿床勘查和研究的同志们提出宝贵的意见和建议。
教材编写过程中得到学校领导和教务部门的指导和支持，编写提纲请翟裕生院士和陈毓川院士审阅，初稿写出后，郑明华教授和赫英教授等进行了评阅与审定。教材出版工作得到地质出版社的大力帮助，责任编辑王大军同志、白铁同志和郝梓国同志付出了辛勤劳动。编写组对以上部门和同志表示最诚挚的感谢。
作者
2004年11月8日
目次
序
前言
第一章概论······················································································································（1）
第一节矿产、矿业经济、我国矿产资源···································································（1）
第二节矿床、矿体、矿石和有关概念·······································································（3）
第三节矿床学研究内容和方法···················································································（6）
第四节矿床学研究发展概况·······················································································（9）
第二章成矿作用和矿床成因分类·····················································································（13）
第一节元素的富集和成矿·························································································（13）
第二节成矿物质的聚集方式和来源·········································································（15）
第三节矿床形成的地质环境与背景·········································································（16）
第四节矿床成因分类·································································································（18）
第三章基性、超基性岩浆环境中的岩浆矿床·································································（23）
第一节岩浆结晶分异矿床·························································································（24）
第二节岩浆熔离分异矿床·························································································（34）
第三节同火山环境金伯利岩和碳酸岩中的岩浆矿床··············································（43）
第四章酸性、碱性岩浆环境中的岩浆-热液矿床····························································（52）
第一节伟晶岩矿床····································································································（52）
第二节钠长岩-云英岩型矿床···················································································（59）
第三节碱性-中性岩浆演化末期的玢岩型矿床························································（65）
第五章岩浆-构造环境中的热液矿床···············································································（74）
第一节矽卡岩型矿床·································································································（74）
第二节斑岩型矿床····································································································（91）
第三节脉状矿床······································································································（101）
第六章盆地构造-沉积环境中的热水成因矿床······························································（112）
第一节火山块状硫化物（VMS）矿床···································································（112）
第二节喷流-沉积（Sedex）型矿床········································································（120）
第三节砂页岩型（SST）（铜）矿床······································································（130）
第四节黑色页岩中的金属矿床···············································································（142）
第五节密西西比河谷型（MVT）矿床··································································（150）
第六节微细浸染型（金）金矿床···········································································（161）
第七节现代海底热水沉积成矿···············································································（177）
第七章表生环境中的风化-沉积矿床·············································································（186）
第一节风化（壳）矿床和原生矿床的表生变化····················································（186）
第二节机械沉积矿床——冲积砂矿床和海滨砂矿床············································（194）
第三节胶体化学沉积矿床——铁、锰、铝矿床····················································（201）
第四节蒸发沉积盐类矿床·······················································································（214）
第五节生物化学沉积磷块岩矿床···········································································（222）
第八章沉积盆地中的煤、石油和天然气矿床·······························································（226）
第一节煤矿床··········································································································（226）
第二节石油和天然气矿床·······················································································（229）
第九章变质环境中的受变质矿床和变成矿床·······························································（234）
第一节概述··········································································································（234）
第二节重要类型和矿床···························································································（236）
第三节成矿作用和条件···························································································（242）
第四节勘查评价要点·······························································································（245）
第十章非金属矿产成矿特征和成矿系列·······································································（247）
第一节概述··········································································································（247）
第二节非金属矿产类型···························································································（248）
第三节非金属矿床特征和成矿系列·······································································（257）
第四节非金属矿产利用的发展趋势和勘查评价····················································（260）
第十一章特殊及复杂成矿环境中的超大型矿床···························································（263）
第一节对超大型矿床的认识和研究·······································································（263）
第二节白云鄂博铁-铌-稀土矿床············································································（265）
第三节金顶锌-铅（-镉-铊-银）矿床······································································（268）
第四节澳大利亚奥林匹克坝（Olympic Dam）铜-铀-金矿床·······························（273）
第十二章区域成矿研究··································································································（277）
第一节区域成矿研究的发展···················································································（277）
第二节成矿时代和地质历史中成矿作用的演化····················································（278）
第三节成矿区及有利成矿构造背景·······································································（280）
第四节中国境内成矿域和重要成矿区带·······························································（284）
第十三章现代矿床学研究中的某些问题·······································································（287）
第一节成矿流体······································································································（287）
第二节矿床成矿系列和成矿系统···········································································（289）
第三节矿床多成因问题···························································································（289）
第四节改造成矿作用·······························································································（290）
第五节元素的超常富集···························································································（291）
第六节成矿作用动力学···························································································（292）
第七节非传统矿产问题···························································································（293）
第十四章矿床预测和勘查评价·······················································································（294）
第一节矿产预测······································································································（294）
第二节矿床勘查和评价···························································································（297）
参考文献······························································································································（304）