70年代的遥感先驱 (欢迎指正)

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1. C J TuckerC J Tucker，毕业于科罗拉多州立大学，森林学。现为美国国家航空航天管理局戈达德太空飞行中心 生物圈与水圈实验室（Biospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland）高级研究员。研究领域为植被遥感，发表论文包括在Science 和Nature上的高水平学术论文160余篇，被引次数超过13000次，H指数56。获得各项奖章NASA's Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, the Henry Shaw Medal from the Missouri Botanical Garden, National Air and Space Museum Trophy, the William Nordberg Memorial Award for Earth Sciences, the Mongolian Friendship Medal, the William T. Pecora Award from the U.S. Geological Survey, the Galathea Medal from the Royal Danish不论从哪个角度看，C J Tucker的学术成就都是令人瞩目的，并且是少见的在Nature, Science上发表多篇文章的遥感工作者。 在70年代末到80年代初，Tucker的主要工作集中在，光谱与植被生理，冠层参数的关系研究。这一阶段，Tucker利用实地测量数据以及叶片尺度的模型构建。其中，1979年的一篇关于植被指数的工作[1]成为他的经典代表作。（注：这篇文献的第一结论是，红光与近红外的组合构建的植被指数，比红光与绿光的组合要好，我不知道有谁在看到植被光谱后会对这点产生怀疑）。在此期间，Tucker还发展了一个叶片随机光学模型[2]，讨论叶片含水量，干物质与光谱的关系[3，4]。进入80年代中后期，Tucker开始利用卫星遥感数据进行植被研究[5-8]，第一次在全球尺度上，利用时间序列数据研究植被物候[8]。其中利用遥感数据估计NPP的工作成为该领域的奠基之作[7]。90年代以后，Tucker的工作趋向利用遥感研究各种各样的环境问题，森林，沙漠，气候变化，甚至疾病传播[9-14]。不可思议的是，几乎他所涉及的工作都能成为该领域的经典。另外，Tucker领导了landsat 正射数据集的制作[15]1. 1979 "Red and Photographic Infrared Linear Combinations for Monitoring Vegetation", Remote Sensing of Environment, 8(2):127-150.2.1977 Asymptotic nature of grass canopy spectral reflectance CJ Tucker - Applied Optics,opticsinfobase.org3. 1981 "Remote Sensing of Total Dry-matter Accumulation in Winter Wheat", C.J. Tucker, B.N. Holben, J.H. Elgin and J.E. McMurtrey, Remote Sensing of Environment, 11:171-189.4. 1980 "Remote sensing of leaf water content in the near infrared" Remote Sensing of Environment, 5. 1985 " African Land Cover Classification Using Satellite Data", C.J. Tucker, J.R.G. Townshend and T.E. Goff, Science, 227:369-375.6. 1985 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Total Herbaceous Biomass Production in the Senegalese Sahel: 1980-1984", C.J. Tucker, C.L. Vanpraet, M.J. Sharman and G. Van Ittersum, Remote Sensing of Environment, 17:233-249.7. 1986 "Satellite Remote Sensing of Primary Production", C.J. Tucker and P.J. Sellers, Int. J. Remote Sensing 7:1395-1416.8. 1985 Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data. Justice, CO | Townshend, JRG | Holben, BN | Tucker, CJ International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1271-1318. 9. 1993. "Evidence for Tropical deforestation, fragmented habitat, and adversely affected habitat in the Brazilian Amazon:1978-1988", David Skole and Compton Tucker Science 260:1905-1910.10. 1999. “Variation in the size of the Sahara Desert from 1980 to 1997”, Tucker, C. J. and Nicholson, S. N., Ambio 28:587-591.11. 2000. "Strategies for tropical deforestation assessment using satellite data”, Tucker, C.J. and Townshend, J. R. G. Int. J. Remote Sens. 21:1461-1471.12. 2001. “Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999”. Tucker, C.J., Slayback, D. A., Pinzon, J. E., Los, S.E., Myneni, R.B., and Taylor, M. G. Int. J. Biometeorology 45:184-190.13. 2002. “Climatic and Ecological Context of Ebola Outbreaks”. Tucker, C. J., Wilson, J. M., Mahoney, R., Anyamba, A., Linthicum, K. J., and Myers, M., Photogram. Eng. Remote Sens. 68:147-152.14. Linthicum KJ, Anyamba A, Tucker CJ, Kelley PW, Myers MF, Peters CJ. 1999. Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya. Science 285(5426):397-400. 15. 2004. “NASA’s global orthorectified landsat data set”. Tucker, C.J., Grant, D. M., and Dykstra, J. D. Photogram. Eng. Remote Sens.70:313-322.



2. SB IdsoSherwood B. Idso ，毕业于明尼苏达大学，物理学学士，土壤学硕士，博士。现为美国二氧化碳和全球变化研究中心主席（Presidency of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change）研究领域为遥感,二氧化碳循环，发表论文包括在Science 和Nature上的高水平学术论文近300篇，被引次数近8000次，H指数44。获得奖项Arthur S. Flemming Award, given in recognition of "his innovative research into fundamental aspects of agricultural-climatological interrelationships affecting food production and the identification of achievable research goals whose attainment could significantly aid in assessment and improvement of world food supplies." Petr Beckmann Award "for courage and achievement in defense of scientific truth and freedom“哥本哈根世界气候大会即将召开，来自全球的国家首脑汇聚一堂，商讨应对全球变暖的措施。然而，反全球变暖的声音尽管弱小，却从未消亡。SB Idso，就站在这一边。从学术成就上讲，SB Idso绝对称得上是主流影响的非主流科学家。然而，我们还是仅仅关注他早期关于遥感的工作。早在1969年，SB IDSO就发表关于大气热红外的文章[1]。1975年，首次提出用土壤反照率反演湿度的可能性[2]。依靠热红外和湿度起家，Idso紧接着利用冠层温度和土壤湿度信息，进行遥感估产，在science[3]和nature[4]上各灌了一篇，绝对是遥感估产的先驱。其实Idso在science和nature上发表了很多文章（注：我承认我有NS崇拜症），遥感方面还包括热红外[5]和蒸散发[6]，当然还有全球变化。SB IDSO最大的贡献应该是1981年提出了鼎鼎大名的作物缺水指数CWSI[7]。进入80年代以后，SB Idso转入了二氧化碳及全球变化的研究，但是却站在了主流的对面。顺便一提，SB Idso的写作风格和他的研究一样个性，抛开科技八股，循序渐进，娓娓道来，特别是文献[7]，风格十分明显。 [1] IDSO SB, JACKSON RD，Thermal radiation from atmoshpere.Journal of Geophysical Research. 74: 5397-&， 1969[2] IDSO SB, JACKSON RD, REGINATO RJ, et al. Dependence of Bare Soil Albedo on Soil-Water Content. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 14 : 109-113， 1975[3] IDSO SB, JACKSON RD, REGINATO RJ. Remote Sensing of Crop Yields. Science. 196: 19-25， 1977 [4] IDSO, SB, REGINATO JACKSON RD. Albedo measurement for remote sensing of crop yields, Nature. 266 : 625-628,1977[5] IDSO SB, Thermal radiation from a tropospheric dust suspension. Nature, 241: 448-449, 1973   [6] IDSO SB , JACKSON RD , REGINATORJ Estimating evaporation: a technique adaptable to remote sensing3. Philip H Swain Philip H Swain， 里海大学电子工程学士，普渡大学电子工程 （EE）硕士，博士。普渡大学电子与计算机工程学院的退休教授。Web of Science上可搜索到的发表论文仅有26篇，数量虽少，质量相当可观，被引次数达1114次，h指数15。P H Swain发表的文章很少，第一作者的文章更少。然而，他率先把模式识别领域的理论应用到遥感分类上 [1-4]，这为他赢得了国际声誉。在他之后，大量的模式识别理论被引入遥感，填充了IEEE上大量的文章。到今天，模式识别与遥感分类已经是水乳交融。他所在的遥感应用实验室是普渡大学跨学科的典范。比较奇特的是，根据其主页上的介绍，Swain的主要研究兴趣是教育，并担当了领导职位“In August, 2001, this position was retitled Dean, Office of Instructional Excellence and Lifelong Learning, and he served in this capacity until June 2002. Previously, he was Director of the Office of Distance Learning at Purdue from April 1997 through December 1998, and was director of Continuing Engineering Education from 1986 to 1997”[1] SWAIN PH, HAUSKA H， DECISION TREE CLASSIFIER - DESIGN AND POTENTIAL
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING   卷: 15   期: 3   页: 142-147   出版年: 1977[2] SWAIN PH, BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION IN A TIME-VARYING ENVIRONMENT IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS   卷: 8   期: 12   页: 879-883   出版年: 1978[3] SWAIN PH, SIEGEL HJ, SMITH BW CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE-SENSING DATA USING A MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEM. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING   卷: 18   期: 2   页: 197-203   出版年: 1980[4] SWAIN PH, VARDEMAN SB, TILTON JC CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE DATA. PATTERN RECOGNITION   卷: 13   期: 6   页: 429-441   出版年: 19814. S TwomeySean Twomey，亚利桑那大学大气物理研究所退休教授，研究领域为大气物理。Web of Science上可搜索到的发表论文仅有25篇，但被引次数高达1987次，h指数13。获得奖励Haagen-Smit Prize又是一位短小精悍的选手，而且与Swain不同的是，Twomey的高应用率文章都是其惟一作者搞出来的（Swain的几篇高引用文章，他并非第一作者）。 Twomey的首要贡献当属Twomey效应[1，2]，气溶胶导致云的增加，进而导致被云层反射的阳光增加。Twomey效应会导致全球变暗。Twomey另外的贡献在数值计算方面[3-5]，可惜Twomey的文章我是完全看不懂的。鉴于Twomey在数值计算方面的造诣，他写的一本针对遥感反演的数学方面的书[6]应当具有很高的学习价值（当然像我这样英语不照的人是不行的，但是列位看官的英语不乏牛人）。之所以提出来，是因为用google大致搜索了一下，没有找到专门写给遥感的中文数学书。

1. Twomey, S., Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmospheric Environment, 8, 1251-1256, 1974. 2. Twomey, S., The Influence of Pollution on the Shortwave Albedo of Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 3. TWOMEY S， COMPARISON OF CONSTRAINED LINEAR INVERSION AND AN ITERATIVE NONLINEAR ALGORITHM APPLIED TO INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS4. TWOMEY S, SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE OF CLOUDS IN THE NEAR-INFRARED - COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS. JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN5.    TWOMEY S, HERMAN B, RABINOFF R, EXTENSION TO CHAHINE METHOD OF INVERTING RADIATIVE-TRANSFER EQUATION. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC6. TWOMEY S，Introduction to the Mathematics of Inversion in Remote Sensing. Copyright Copyright © 1977 by Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions. Published in Canada by General Publishing Company

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