GIS空间分析在广播电视频率规划中的应用研究[兰州交通大学硕士论文]

zongnixunta

On Broadcasting-TV Frequency Planning

Based on GIS Spatial Analysis

摘
要

无线电频率是一种不可再生的资源，同时也蕴含着巨大的经济价值。随着地面广播电视的迅猛发展，无线发射台站数量迅速增加，频率资源显得愈加缺乏。将地理信息系统（GIS）与空间分析技术引入频率规划中，能够为广播电视频率规划管理提供有效的技术和手段，减少很多不必要的频率资源浪费。

目前，我国广电部门使用的台站规划软件主要是从国外引入的，这些软件在一定程度上提高了工作效率，但不可避免也存在一些局限性。本文依托中国测绘科学研究院与国家广电总局联合研发的“广播电视无线覆盖网管理系统”专业软件平台，充分结合我国人口、地形、行政区划等要素，建立了一种符合中国国情的广播电视台站规划方法，并在各级广电部门规划工作中得以广泛使用。

      本文着重研究和广播电视频率规划相关的GIS空间分析方法,在现有平台和电波传播模型的基础之上，对GIS在频率规划软件中的应用作了进一步研究。在此基础上，给出频率规划应用软件的设计方法，实现了广播电视电波信号的最优的人口和面积覆盖。主要研究内容如下：

1．结合数字人口模型（DPM），对广播电视覆盖区人口数进行有效统计分析，计算人口覆盖率，为管理决策分析提供科学依据。

2．对不同区域范围内的同、邻频发射机覆盖区进行面状拓扑关系分析，判断相关发射机之间是否存在电波干扰。

3．通过数字高程模型（DEM）与数字地面模型(DTM)进行地形分析，计算坡度、可视域、剖面等地形参数，帮助规划者了解无线发射台站的空间特征和周边地形情况。

4．研究无线覆盖场强计算中使用的射线分析法(矢量法)与像素分析法(栅格法)，并比较二者的区别和特性。

5．以Voronoi图为主要的分析手段，给出了基于人口导向、面积导向以及人口-面积综合导向的三种不同的台站布局优化方法，最终实现多类设施空间布局的优化。

6．分析广播电视频率规划方法，包括调频可用频率分析、频点指配分析、主动干扰分析、被动干扰分析等方法。

7．结合专业软件平台，实现GIS空间分析与广播电视频率规划业务的集成应用，并介绍了该软件的主要功能架构、数据组织、应用实例等。

借助GIS空间分析手段，可以提高频率规划的准确性，为广播电视台站信息化管理提供可靠的技术保障。实践证明，研究GIS空间分析在广播电视频率规划中的应用具有较强的现实意义和发展前景。

关键词：地理信息系统（GIS）；空间分析；广播电视；频率规划；无线覆盖

论文类型：应用研究

Abstract

Radio wave frequencies which Contain huge economic values are unproducible resources. As the rapid development of land broadcasting-TV and the quick increment of the number of radio transmitting stations, frequency resources become more and more insufficient. With the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis in frequency planning, some effective technologies and methods are introduced into broadcasting-TV frequency planning and managements, which can reduce much waste of frequency resources.

At present, the station plan software products for broadcasting-TV administrations are mainly from overseas, which increase work efficiency in some extent, but they have some limitations indeed. This paper relies on the professional software platform. of broadcasting-TV radio wave coverage network management system which is collaboratively developed by Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM) and the Department of Science & Technology, SARFT. The platform. fully utilizes China’s population, terrain, administrative division etc., establishes some broadcasting-TV station plan methods according to China’s situation, and is being widely used in various levels of broadcasting-TV developments.

This paper focuses on the GIS spatial analysis methods which are closely related to broadcasting-TV frequency planning. Based on the foundation of the existing system platforms and electromagnetic wave transmission models, further researches have been done in the application of frequency planning software for GIS. Finally, this paper gives a design proposal of frequency planning application software to carry out the best coverage of population and area of broadcasting-TV. The key points are as follows.

1. To analyze the population of the broadcasting-TV coverage area using Digital Population Model (DPM), and calculate population coverage rate, so as to provide scientific basis for the management decision analysis.

2. To analyze area topological relationships of identical and adjacent frequency in different regional ranges and determines whether there exists radio interference of related transmitters.

3. To analize terrain by means of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and calculate terrain parameters of slope, visible regions and sections, so as to help planners to acquaint spatial characteristics and surrounding terrain of transmitting stations.

4. To study ray (vector) analysis and pixel (grid) analysis which are applied in the calculation of field strength of radio coverage, and compare their differences and characteristics.

5. A new method based on Voronoi diagrams is proposed, which gives three different spatial analysis methods: population-oriented method, area-oriented guidance method, and population-area-oriented method, and an optimization of the layout of the stations can be achieved finally.

6. To analyze Broadcasting-TV frequency plan methods, including frequency points assignment analysis and active/passive interference analysis.

7. To realize the integrated application of GIS spatial analysis and frequency plan services of broadcasting-TV based on the professional software platform, and to introduce the main functional framework, data organization and application examples in the software.

According to GIS spatial analysis methods, accuracy of frequency plan can be improved to provide reliable technological safeguard in information management for broadcasting-TV stations. Therefore, the study on broadcasting-TV frequency planning based on GIS spatial analysis will be better realistic significance and developing prospect.

Key Word: Geographic Information System (GIS); Spatial Analysis; Broadcasting-TV; Frequency Planning; Radio Coverage

Paper Types: Application Study