采矿概论（张钦礼）

rainyaob · 发表于 2010-12-16 16:44

本帖最后由 w307888140 于 2011-3-21 11:02 编辑

但是给人了了解采矿还是可以的
张钦礼王新民邓义芳编著
化学工业出版社
二00 七年十月
目录
绪论..........................................................................................................................................1
第一篇矿产资源开发概况及基本概念.................................................................................5
第一章矿产资源开发基本概念...........................................................................................................5
1.1 矿产资源定义与分类..............................................................................................................5
1.1.1 定义............................................................................................................................5
1.1.2 分类............................................................................................................................6
1. 2 矿产资源基本特征.................................................................................................................7
1. 3 固体矿床工业性质.................................................................................................................8
1.3.1 物化、力学性质.........................................................................................................9
1.3.2 埋藏要素...................................................................................................................10
1.4 矿产资源储量及矿床工业指标............................................................................................12
1.4.1 资源储量...................................................................................................................12
1.4.2 矿床工业指标...........................................................................................................14
1.5 矿山生产能力、矿石损失率与贫化率................................................................................15
第二章中国矿产资源概况.................................................................................................................17
2.1 金属矿产资源.........................................................................................................................17
2.1.1 黑色金属....................................................................................................................17
2.1.2 有色金属...................................................................................................................19
2.1.3 其它金属...................................................................................................................21
2.2 非金属矿产资源....................................................................................................................23
2. 3 能源类矿产资源....................................................................................................................27
2.4 中国矿产资源特点................................................................................................................28
2.5 中国金属矿山面临的形势和未来发展趋势........................................................................29
第二篇矿山地质...................................................................................................................31
第三章地质作用与地质构造.............................................................................................................31
3.1 地质作用...............................................................................................................................31
3.2 地质构造...............................................................................................................................32
3.3 成矿作用...............................................................................................................................34
第四章矿山工程地质工作.................................................................................................................36
4.1 找矿......................................................................................................................................36
4.2 矿床勘探...............................................................................................................................37
4.2.1 矿床勘探与勘查基本概念.......................................................................................37
4.2.2 矿床勘探技术...........................................................................................................37
4.3 生产勘探和地质管理.............................................................................................................38
4.3.1 生产勘探...................................................................................................................38
4.3.2 地质管理...................................................................................................................39
4.4 地质调查...............................................................................................................................39
4.4.1 水文地质调查............................................................................................................39
4.4.2 地质灾害调查...........................................................................................................40
第三篇固体矿床地下开采...................................................................................................44
第五章凿岩爆破...............................................................................................................................44
5.1 凿岩.......................................................................................................................................44
5.1.1 凿岩机械....................................................................................................................44
5.1.2 凿岩方式...................................................................................................................46
5.2 爆破......................................................................................................................................47
5.2.1 炸药爆炸的基本理论...............................................................................................47
5.2.2 炸药的爆炸性能.......................................................................................................50
5.2.3 工业炸药...................................................................................................................52
5.2.4 起爆器材与起爆方法...............................................................................................58
5.2.5 矿岩的爆破破碎机理...............................................................................................72
5.2.6 爆破方法与爆破设计................................................................................................76
5.2.7 矿山控制爆破...........................................................................................................79
第六章井巷掘进...............................................................................................................................83
6.1 水平巷道掘进........................................................................................................................83
6.1.1 凿岩爆破...................................................................................................................84
6.1.2 工作面通风...............................................................................................................88
6.1.3 岩石装运...................................................................................................................89
6.1.4 巷道支护...................................................................................................................90
6.1.5 岩巷掘进机...............................................................................................................91
6.2 竖井掘进...............................................................................................................................92
6.2.1 竖井井筒结构...........................................................................................................92
6.2.2 竖井井筒装备...........................................................................................................93
6.2.3 井筒表土施工...........................................................................................................94
6.2.4 井筒基岩施工...........................................................................................................96
6.3 斜井掘进...............................................................................................................................99
6.3.1 一般概念...................................................................................................................99
6.3.2 斜井掘进.................................................................................................................101
6.4 天井掘进.............................................................................................................................101
第七章矿床开拓..............................................................................................................................104
7.1 开采单元划分及开采顺序..................................................................................................104
7.1.1 开采单元划分.........................................................................................................104
7.1.2 开采顺序.................................................................................................................105
7.2 开采步骤和三级矿量..........................................................................................................106
7.2.1 开采步骤.................................................................................................................106
7.2.2 三级矿量.................................................................................................................107
7.2.3 开采步骤间的关系.................................................................................................107
7.3 开拓方法.............................................................................................................................108
7.3.1 单一开拓方法.........................................................................................................108
7.3.2 主要开拓巷道类型比较.........................................................................................110
7.3.3 联合开拓法.............................................................................................................112
7.3.4 主要开拓巷道位置的确定.....................................................................................113
7.4 井底车场.............................................................................................................................114
7.4.1 竖井井底车场.........................................................................................................114
7.4.2 斜井井底车场.........................................................................................................116
第八章矿山主要生产系统...............................................................................................................118
8.1 提升与运输.........................................................................................................................118
8.1.1 矿井提升.................................................................................................................118
8.1.2 矿山运输.................................................................................................................121
8.2 通风....................................................................................................................................123
8.2.1 有关规定.................................................................................................................123
8.2.2 矿井通风系统.........................................................................................................124
8.2.3 矿井通风方法.........................................................................................................128
8.2.4 矿井降温与防冻.....................................................................................................129
8.3 排水....................................................................................................................................130
8.3.1 排水方式及系统.....................................................................................................130
8.3.2 排泥........................................................................................................................132
8.4 压气供应.............................................................................................................................133
8.5 充填....................................................................................................................................134
8.5.1 充填工艺.................................................................................................................134
8.5.2 充填材料.................................................................................................................135
8.5.3 基本参数.................................................................................................................137
8.5.4 充填料浆制备与输送系统.....................................................................................139
8.5.5 工作面充填工艺.....................................................................................................141
第九章采矿方法..............................................................................................................................143
9.1 概述....................................................................................................................................143
9.1.1 采矿方法分类及其特征.........................................................................................143
9.1.2 影响采矿方法选择的主要因素.............................................................................144
9.2 空场采矿法.........................................................................................................................145
9.2.1 房柱法.....................................................................................................................145
9.2.2 留矿法.....................................................................................................................147
9.2.3 分段凿岩阶段矿房法.............................................................................................150
9.2.4 阶段凿岩阶段矿房法.............................................................................................152
9.3 充填采矿法.........................................................................................................................154
9.3.1 上向分层（或进路）充填法.................................................................................154
9.3.2 下向进路充填法.....................................................................................................158
9.3.3 嗣后充填采矿法.....................................................................................................160
9.3.4 充填采矿法矿柱回采.............................................................................................161
9.4 崩落采矿法.........................................................................................................................161
9.4.1 有底柱分段崩落法.................................................................................................162
9.4.2 无底柱分段崩落法.................................................................................................165
9.4.3 自然崩落法.............................................................................................................167
第四篇固体矿床露天开采.................................................................................................168
第十章露天开采基本概念...............................................................................................................168
10.1 概述..................................................................................................................................168
10.2 常用名词术语....................................................................................................................169
10.3 露天开采的一般程序........................................................................................................172
第十一章露天矿床开拓...................................................................................................................173
11.1 公路运输开拓....................................................................................................................173
11.2 铁路运输开拓....................................................................................................................175
11.3 联合开拓............................................................................................................................175
11.4 露天开采境界确定............................................................................................................178
11.4.1 露天开采境界确定原则.......................................................................................178
11.4.2 露天开采境界确定方法.......................................................................................179
第十二章露天矿生产工艺过程.......................................................................................................183
12.1 穿孔爆破...........................................................................................................................183
12.1.1 穿孔工作...............................................................................................................183
12.1.2 爆破工作...............................................................................................................185
12.2 采装..................................................................................................................................188
12.2.1 单斗挖掘机采装...................................................................................................189
12.2.2 大型轮式装载机和轮斗式挖掘机.......................................................................191
12.2.3 采掘工作面参数...................................................................................................191
12.3 运输..................................................................................................................................193
12.3.1 自卸汽车运输........................................................................................................194
12.3.2 铁路运输...............................................................................................................196
12.3.3 胶带运输机运输...................................................................................................196
12.4 排土..................................................................................................................................196
12.4.1 排土场位置选择...................................................................................................197
12.4.2 排土工艺...............................................................................................................197
12.5 排水..................................................................................................................................198
第十三章饰面石材开采...................................................................................................................201
13.1 饰面开采基本特点及矿床评价........................................................................................201
13.2 矿床开拓...........................................................................................................................203
13.2.1 石材矿山采石程序特点.......................................................................................203
13.2.2 开拓方法...............................................................................................................204
13.3 采石方法...........................................................................................................................204
13.3.1 采石工艺...............................................................................................................204
13.3.2 采石方法...............................................................................................................205
第五篇特殊采矿法及环境保护.........................................................................................207
第十四章特殊采矿法.......................................................................................................................207
14.1 溶浸采矿...........................................................................................................................207
14.1.1 地表堆浸法...........................................................................................................207
14.1.2 原地浸出法...........................................................................................................209
14.1.3 细菌化学采矿法...................................................................................................210
14.2 海洋采矿...........................................................................................................................211
14.2.1 浅海底资源开采...................................................................................................211
14.2.2 深海资源开采.......................................................................................................213
第十五章矿山安全与环境保护.......................................................................................................219
15.1 矿山安全技术....................................................................................................................219
15.1.1 灾变设施与措施...................................................................................................219
15.1.2 滑坡与泥石流防治...............................................................................................221
15.1.3 尾矿库病害防治...................................................................................................223
15.1.4 采空区处理...........................................................................................................224
15.2 矿山环境保护....................................................................................................................226
15.2.1 矿尘危害及其治理...............................................................................................227
15.2.2 废气危害及其治理...............................................................................................228
15.2.3 污水处理...............................................................................................................229
15.2.4 固体废料的综合利用...........................................................................................231
15.2.5 环境再造...............................................................................................................234
第六篇矿业法律法规.........................................................................................................236
第十六章矿业法律法规...................................................................................................................236
16.1 矿产资源所有权................................................................................................................236
16.1.1 矿产资源所有权法律特征...................................................................................236
16.1.2 矿产资源所有权的内容.......................................................................................237
16.1.3 矿产资源所有权的取得、实现与中止...............................................................238
16.1.4 矿产资源所有权的保护.......................................................................................238
16.2 矿业权...............................................................................................................................239
16.2.1 矿业权基本概念...................................................................................................239
16.2.2 探矿权...................................................................................................................241
16.2.3 采矿权...................................................................................................................242
16.3 办矿审批与关闭...............................................................................................................243
16.3.1 办矿审批...............................................................................................................243
16.3.2 关闭矿山.............................................................................................................244
16.4 税费管理..........................................................................................................................246
16.4.1 资源税.................................................................................................................246
16.4.2 资源补偿费.........................................................................................................247
参考文献...............................................................................................................................249