

ʺʣֵʵĹϵ
ǰһµĩβָڡƪȫƪһٶһʱȡõʱڡͨڼʣֵܶȡˣʱƲµʵʣֵһֳɸʽʱϢ⡢˰ȵȣһ棬ڶϣͰһƽռеǲһµġɴ˲ʹʶһƽʣǽڵڶƪۡ

ʣֵϱʱĴСʵĴСÿѶɶĵϵˣҪڴѧķΧڽо

Ȼõһ͵ڶĸַšʱCΪʱcͿɱʱvһʣֵmǰʣֵԤɱʱım/vʣֵʣm'ʾm/v=m'm=m'vʣֵͬɱʱԱȣͬʱԱȣͽ(p)ʣֵmʱCım/Cͽp'Ǿ͵õ

p'=m/C=m/(c+v),

58
mֵm'vmֵõ

p'=m'v/C=m'v/(c+v),
ʽҲµıʾ

p':m'=v:C
ʺʣֵ֮ȣڿɱʱʱ֮ȡ

Կp'Сʣֵm'ΪɱʱvСCv+c֮ͣɱʱϲʱ֮ͣҪv=CΨһġʵϲеγ⣬ҲҪʱȫԤʱԤϣֻԤʵγ⡣

⣬ǵоУҪǵһϵжcvmĴСоӰأҪԵһЩء

һǻҵļֵǿԼٶҵļֵǲġ

ڶתʱȫأΪתʵӰ죬ҪԺһרŽп졣{ֻһ㣺ʽp'=m'v/Cϸ˵ֻǶԿɱʱһתڼ˵ȷġǣʣֵm'n򵥵ʣֵm'ʽҲתnɱʱһתĴ(216µI)}

ҪǵͶʡͶʶʣֵʵӰ죬Ѿڵһƪϸ۹ˡʣٶԵʱʣҲֱܷӵӰ죬ڵһ
59ʮ˵ʱøƽʵйͬƷƽֵļֵṩƷʵһ󡣵Ȼ迼ǣΪһƪǻǼٶƷҰǵļֵ۵ġˣÿһ϶ٶͶʱֲ䡣ʵϣͶһҵŵʱļֵɣҲǿɱʱͲʱһʣǱʾһ̶ȵͶʡԣһʵı仯ɲʱĸɲֵĵļֵ仯ʵı仯ģҲͱʾͶѾ˱仯ˣǳԿcvm⼸صı仯ͬʱҲͶʵı仯ǣνĲֵ㣬ôǺڼٶͶʲ䣨Ʒʽ䣩£cvmı仯

أճȡͶǿȺ͹ʵͬˡǶʣֵʣֵʵӰ죬ڵһϸˡˣȻΪ˼Ǽٶرֲ䣬vmı仯ͬ԰ǵ⼸Ҫصı仯ֻǼ򵥵һ£ʶʣֵʣֵʵӰ죬ͬճȺͶǿȶǵӰ෴ģʵӻʣֵյӳͶǿȵʣֵ

磬ٶһ100ʱʹ20ˣÿͶ10СʱÿܹΪ20£һ20ʣֵǾ͵õ

80c+20v+20mm'=100p'=20%
ٶӳ15Сʱʲӡ20˵
60ֵܼƷ40ӵ60(10:15=40:60)Ϊ֧Ĺvֲ䣬ʣֵ20ӵ40Ǿ͵õ

80c+20v+40mm'=200p'=40%
һ棬ÿͶԾ10Сʱ20½12ĩֵܼƷԾ40ͬˣvٵ12µ28mǾ͵õ

80c+12v+28mm'=233 1/3p'=28/92=30 10/23
ɴ˿ɼյӳ(ͶǿȵӦ)͹ʵĽͣʣֵӶʣֵʣ෴£ʵήʣֵʡԣvʵӶӣⲢʾͶˣֻǱʾͶıˣϣm'p'Ͳߣή͡

ͿԿաͶǿȺ͹ʵı仯һʹvmԼǵıͬʱ仯ӶҲʹp'mc+v(ʱ)ıͬʱ仯ͬmvıʵı仯ҲζͶһѾ仯

ÿԿɱʱͬʱ˶ֳ֮رлϵԼɱʱͬʱ𡣾ͼֵγɶԣʱҪֻеļֵԼֵγ˵1500ʱǴ1500(ٶÿ1)Ǵ500(ÿ3)ȫûйϵġʱļֵΪʵʲϣԼֵγɺ˵ȫûйϵġʱֵʱʹüֵܳʲôʣֵͬǰ
61෴ķ䶯

ɱʱȫҪģȲڿɱʱеļֵﻯͶֵֻǿɱʱƶĵûڿɱʱֵͶָͶڿɱʱֵͶгͶĲ˵ͶγʣֵĲ֣ڿɱʱͶԽСʱ򣬾Խ󡣼ٶһ10СʱĹյ10=10ˡҪͶʻɱʱͶ=5Сʱ=5ĩʣͶ=5Сʱʣֵ=5ҪͶ=4Сʱ=4ĩʣͶ=6Сʱʣֵ=6

ˣֻҪɱʱֵĴСƶͶָ߲˵ָĳ߶ȱѾ仯ĩʣֵʾͻᰴ෴ķ෴ı仯ʱͿɱʱֲִͬӹ׾ѧǲһµģӦͨʵ֤о֤

ǰʷʽp'=m'v/CӦõֿܵαm'v/CиصֵȷЩ仯ʵӰ졣Ǿͻõһϵвͬǿ԰Щͬһʱα仯ҲԿͬʱڲͬҵŻͬҡΪ˱ȽϲһĲͬʱˣٵĳЩΪͬһʱʱȺֵ״̬ԵǿʵϲܣĩֻҪΪʱڽбȽϣָҲͿˡִӹ׾ѧʵ֤оǼܵһ𣬴ӶĨɱеǾʲôҲòˡ

ˣǰm'v/C˻ֳأm'v/CȰm'ǲģоv/Cĸֿܱ仯ãȻv/C
62ǲģʹm'ֿܵı仯ǼٶһضǿɱģоеΣɴƳʵĸֹɡ

Im'䣬v/Cɱ
ǿΪְһܹʽٶʱCC1ǵĿɱɲֱַΪvv1ʣֵͬΪm'ʷֱΪp'p1'

p'=m'v/Cp1'=m'v1/C1
ʹCC1ȣvv1ȡ磬ٶC1/Cֵ֮=Ev1/vֵ֮=eC1=ECv1=evֵ֮p1'ʽеC1v1Ǿ͵õ

p'=m'ev/EC
ʽɱǾͿʽڶʽ

p':p1'=m'v/C:m'v1/C1=v/C:v1/C1
Ϊͬ˳Ӻͷĸֵ䣬ǿ԰v/Cv1/C1ΪٷֱȣҲǣʹCC1=100Ǿ͵õv/C=v/100v1/C1=v1/100ǻ԰еķĸȥǾ͵õ

p':p1'=v:v1Ҳ˵
63
κͬʣֵʷõʱ˵֮ȣڰʱİٷֱȼĿɱʱ֮ȡ

ʽv/Cı仯һ

ڷֱ𿼲Щ֮ǰҪָһ㡣ΪCcvʱͿɱʱ֮ͣΪʣֵʺͨðٷֱʾһ˵ٶc+v֮ҲΪ100ҲðٷֱʾcvǱȽϷġǲҪȷҪȷʱ˵һ15000ʱвʱ12000ɱʱ3000һ3000ʣֵǰʱΪٷֱȣһ

15000C=12000c+3000v(+3000m)

100C= 80c+ 20v(+ 20m)
ϣʣֵm'=100%ʶ=20

ʱȽʱҲˣ磬ǸʱͬһµʱȽϣ

12000C=l0800c+1200v(+1200m)

100C= 90c+ 10v(+ 10m)
ϣm'=100p'=10%ðٷֱȵʽͬǸʱȽϣöࡣ

෴ǿͬһʱı仯ʱٷֱʽͺӦãΪʽǰЩ仯ڸһʱɰٷֱʽ

80c+20v+20m
Ϊٷֱʽ
64

90c+10v+10m
ĩǾͿ仯˵İٷֱȹɼ90c+10vvľԼģcľģͬʱɶġҪһ㣬ǱоԵ֡оĸ仯ʱǡǡֱ仯ģ80c+20vΪ90c+10vڲʱӡɱʱ䣬12000c+3000vΪ27000c+3000v(ٷֱʽ90c+10v)ڲʱ䡢ɱʱ٣12000c+3000vΪ12000c+1333 1/3v(ٷֱʽҲ90c+10v)ڶ߶仯12000c+3000vΪ13500c+1500v(ٷֱʽ90c+10v)ҪоЩˣܰٷֱȵʽʮַ㣬ֻ÷ãֻǰҪʽʹá

1m'C䣬vɱ
vĴС仯ĩCҪֲ䣬Cһɲ֣ʱcҪvͬ෴ķ仯ٶCԭ=80c+20v=100vΪ10Cֻcӵ90ʱ򣬲Ծ=10090c+10v=100һ˵vΪvdvdȥdĩcͱΪc-()dͬ෴ķ仯ܷϵǰĸ

ͬʣֵm'䣬ɱʱv仯ʱʣֵmȻ仯Ϊm=m'vm'vһv
65һֵͬ

ٶĸǰᣬʹԭʽ

p'=m'v/C
֮⣬vı仯õ˵ڶʽ

p1'=m'v1/C
vΪv1Ӧɴ˶仯p1'

ʿµı

p':p1'=m'v/C:m'v1/C=v:v1
Ҳ˵ʣֵʺʱʱԭʺɿɱʱı仯֮ȣԭɱʱͱ仯ԺĿɱʱ֮ȡ

ٶʱԭ˵ǣ

I15000C=12000c+3000v(+3000m)ǣ

II15000C=13000c+2000v(+2000m)

ϣC=15000m'=100%I20%II13 1/3%֮ȣIĿɱʱ3000IIĿɱʱ2000֮ȣ20%:13 1/3%=3000:2000

ɱʱӣҲԼ١һӵ˵ٶһʱԭĹɺͷõ£

I100c+20v+10mC=120m'=50%p'=8 1/3%
ڣɱʱӵ30ǰᣬҪʹʱֲ䣬Ȼ=120ʱ100ٵ90ʣֵʣֵȻ50%£ͱӵ15
66õ

II90c+30v+15mC=120m'=50%p'=12 1/2%
ȼٶʲ䡣ʱʣֵʵأպͶǿȣҲ뱣ֲ䡣ˣv(20ӵ30)ֻܱʾʹõĹ˶֮һܵļֵƷҲӶ֮һ30ӵ45ǰȫһ2/3Ϊʣ1/3Ϊʣֵڹӵͬʱʱϵļֵȴ100ٵ90ˡǣǾͿһͶʵĽ벻ʱͬʱϵһھǿܵ?

ũҵͲɾҵ(ţͶʵĽͣӶʹõĹӣ)̡ʱķΧںĻϡͲǺͲʱļ٣ǺͲʱϵһġcֻּڼ۸½ʱʱҲֻʮ²IIIת䡣ͶڲͬһͬũҵŻɾҵŵʱ˵һϱһʹøĹ(ӶʹøĿɱʱ)ͬʱȴʹüֵСٵϵͲΪˡǣʲôͶʵĽأѵɱʱı󣬾ζͶʵĽ

ʲļٶù߶֮һͿɱʱ20ߵ30ĩȫͬˡͬˡ˵20ˡͬ򲻹Ϊٵϼղ䣬˵Ծ10СʱֵܼƷҲͲ䣻Ծ=3030ȫԤĿɱʱ30ʣֵͻʧǵǰʣֵʲ䣬
67IһԾ50%ֻڹӳ֮һӳ15Сʱ£пܡʱ2015Сʱڻһ45ֵܼһˣ

II90c+30v+15mC=120m'=50%p'=12 1/2%
ϣIȣ20˲ʹøͶϣߡȵȣֻԭϻϱӶ֮һˣЩϵļ۸½ʱǵǰᣬIת䵽IIӾϿԵʱ˵ҲܹġʱĲʱֵܵʧٻɽϴ(ڹյӳ)õĳ̶ֳȵĲ

ڣǼٶɱʱӣǼ١ֻҪӵߵIIԭʱIIתΪI

II90c+30v+15mΪ

I100c+20v+10m

ԣֵߵʹЩ涨˫ʼ以ϵκα仯

ڲʱʱvʹõĹ֮һ30ٵ20ĩͿִҵͶߣٵĹʹϴϡ˶Ȼʵͬʱ½ϵһ𣬹һǽڱƪ

ǣvͬ˰ϵ͵Ĺʱö30ٵ20ĩڹղʱֵܼƷԾ=30v+15m=45Ȼv½20ʣֵͻӵ25ʣֵʾͻ50ӵ125%ǺǰΥġΪ˷涨50ıʼʣֵ෴ر½10
68ֵܼƷ45ٵ30ֻڹ֮һ£пܡǵõĽͺһ

100c+20v+10mm'=50%p'=8 1/3%
˵ڹʼʱͶʱ̵ʵҲǲᷢġûʲôϵĺҪ֪ЩʷӰ죬ǾͱоÿӰ죬ֹӰͬһʱ˵ھǲǣһо漰ʵﲻΣͱָһ㡣

2m'䣬vɱ䣬Cvı仯仯
Ϻֻг̶ϵϣcvʱͬ٣vʱͬӣǱֲ䡣ǣڴҵũҵĿǰ£ɱʱֻʱһȽСĲ֣ˣʱļٻɿɱʱı仯ʱʱļٻҲǱȽСġٴһ
ʱ

I100c+20v+10mC=120m'=50%p'=8 1/3%
ڼٶΪ

II100c+30v+15mC=130m'=50%p'=11 7/13%
෴ĿɱʱٵֿIIתΪI˵

־ϺһˣIIIתζţͶʽͶ֮һ100cãIIʽҪͶIʽ֮һũҵпܷ
69ָһ仰Ժоͬʲôϵ

ϣʱ򲻱ʱתΪɱʱɱʱתΪʱֲ䣻ڿɱ䲿ʱ׷ʱڿɱ䲿ּʱԭʹõʱ롣

3m'v䣬cɱ䣬CҲɱ
ϣʽ

p'=m'v/CΪp1'=m'v/C1
߹еȥ͵õµı

p1':p'=C:C1
ʣֵȣɱʱҲʱʺʱɷȡ

磬ٶʱͬһʱֲͬ

I80c+20v+20mC=100m'=100%p'=20%

II100c+20v+20mC=120m'=100p'=16 2/3

II60c+20v+20mC=80m'=100p'=25%

ĩͻõµı

20:16 2/3=120:10020%:25=80:100

70
m'ʱv/Cĸֱ仯ǰܹʽǣ

p1'=m'ev/ECΪp1'=m'v/EC
Ϊvûб仯e=v1/vΪ=1

Ϊm'v=mʣֵΪm'vֲ䣬mCı仯ܵӰ죻ʣֵڱ仯Ժ󣬺ڱ仯ǰһ

ٶcΪ㣬p'ͻ=m'ʾͻʣֵʡ

cı仯ɲʱҪصĵֵ仯Ҳʱɵı仯ɸͶʵı仯ںһ£ŴҵũҵķչߵͶʣ˵ҪIIIIIII˳ת䡣һ20Ϊ굫ֵ40Ͷʹ˼ֵ60ͶϣߵֵʱʹõͶӵ80Ȼӵ100½Ҫ෴˳УͬͶƶϾͻ٣ͻܵƣũҵɿҵȲŷϢĸķкӰ죿

ʱĽԼһʣһʹʱ룬ˣʱ˵Ҫ塣һԼʱҪ(رԭ)۸䶯Ӱ죬Ժ󡾼92-154ҳҪϸо

ֱʱı仯cɲ
71ӻ𣬻cɲֵĵֵ仯𣬶ͬʷӰ졣

4m'䣬vcCɱ
ϣѾ仯ܹʽ

p1'=m'ev/EC
ҲõġʣֵʲʱʽԵó½

(a)EeҲ˵ʱӣʹʱӵñȿɱʱ죬ĩʾͻ½һ80c+20v+20mʱΪ170c+30v+30mĹɣĩm'Ծɣ100%vCˣv/C20/100͵30/200ҲͻӦ20%͵15%

(b)ֻeEҲ˵ֻv/CڱϷ仯ֵ䣬Ҳ˵ֻзӺͷĸͬ˳ʲŻᱣֲ䡣80c+20v+20m160c+40v+40mߵȻ20%Ϊm'Ȼ=100%v/C20/10040/200Уȵֵ

(c)eEҲ˵ɱʱӵñʱ죬ʾͻߡ80c+20v+20mΪ120c+40v+40mʾͻ20%ӵ25%Ϊm'ʱv/C20/100Ѿߵ40/1601/5ߵ1/4

vCͬķ仯ǾͿ
72ı仯һ̶ڣͬıʱ仯̶ڣv/Cֲ䡣һ㣬֮оֻһ仯ǾͿ԰ֽΪӵΪһֽΪ򵥵

磬80c+20v+20mΪ100c+30v+30mĩֻҪֱ仯100c+25v+25mĳ̶ڣvcӶvCıʣᱣֲ䡣̶ڣҲᱣֲ䡣ڿ԰100c+25v+25m㣻ʹv5ӵ30vCҲ125ӵ130Ǿ͵õĵڶֻvı仯ԼɴCı仯ԭ20ʣֵʲ5vھߵ23 1/13ˡ

vC෴ķϷ仯ʱͬ԰ΪһΪ򵥵磬ٴ80c+20v+20mʹΪ110c+10v+10mʽ仯40c+10v+10mڵʱʻԾ2070cӵмʽȥʾͻ½8 1/3%ҲͰٻΪֻһc仯ˡ

ˣvcCͬʱ仯ûκµĹ۵㡣ǻΪֻһؿɱ

һvCϻǺǰһ󣬵ǵҪط˼ֵ仯vģǱƶͶѾ仯˵cģǱƶϵѾ仯˵ΨһʣµʵҲѾΧˡ
73
ٶ80c+20v+20mУ20vԭ20ÿ10СʱͶĹʡڣٶÿ˵Ĺ1ӵ1 1/420vѾ֧20˵ıֻ֧꣬16˵ıꡣǣ20200ͶСʱڻ40ļֵ16ÿ10СʱڣҲܹ160ͶСʱڣֻ32ļֵ۳20vΪʣ32ļֵУֻʣ12Ϊʣֵʣֵʾͻ100%͵60ǰǵǰᣬʣֵʱ뱣ֲ䣬˹ձӳ1/410Сʱӳ12 1/2Сʱ20ÿ10Сʱڣ200ͶСʱڻ40ļֵ16ÿ12 1/2Сʱڣ200СʱڣҲͬļֵ80c+20vʱҲǰһ20ʣֵ

ʽͣ20v֧30˵Ĺʣĩm'Ҫֲ䣬վҪ10Сʱ̵6 2/3Сʱ2010=306 2/3=200ͶСʱ

Щ෴ļٶ£cʲô̶ڿֵĻұϱֲ䣬ܴı仯仯˵ʵǰѾ͹ˡֻڼĳϣſԴʽ֡

cĸҪصļֵ仯ӻЩҪصӰcļֵĩֻҪֱ仯v仯ͼȲӰʣҲӰʣֵʡǼܵġΪ£vcϵǼֵɱˣcļֵ䣬仯vͻ䶯ǹʵı仯ܹɺϵʹ䲻䡣

ˣѾǷʽvcCֿܵı仯оٳˡǿʣֵʱֲʱʿԽͣ䣬ߣΪvcvCı΢仯
74ʹʷ仯

Σǿvı仯һޣһﵽm'Ҫֲ䣬ͻΪϲܵ顣Ϊcÿһı仯ҲȻﵽһޣһﵽvͲٱֲ䣬Զv/Cһпܵı仯˵һޣޣm'ҲͱȻΪɱ䡣ִӹ׾ѧע⵽õĺĶֵǷڽޡm'仯ʱǷʽиֻãʾھоm'ĸֱ仯

IIm'ɱ
ѷʽp'=m'v/CΪһʽp1'=m1'v1/C1(Уp1'm1'v1C1ʾp'm'vCı仯˵ֵ)ĩǾΪֲͬʣֵµʣһܹʽv/CǲģͬǿɱġǾ͵õ

p':p1'=m'v/C:m1'v1/C1
ɴ˵õp1'=(m1'/m')(v1/v)(C/C1)p'

1m'ɱ䣬v/C
ϣʽ
75

p'=m'v/Cp1'=m1'v/C
ʽУv/CǵֵġԵó±

p':p1'=m':m1'
ͬɵʱ֮ȣǵʣֵ֮ȡΪv/CУҪĲvCľֻǶߵıʣԣھͬɵһʱǵľΡ

80c+20v+20mC=100m'=100p'=20

160c+40v+20mC=200m'=50p'=10

100:50%=20%:10%
vCľȵģʻʣֵȡ

p':p1'=m'v:m1'v=m:m1
磺

80c+20v+20mm'=100%p'=20%

80c+20v+10mm'=50p'=10%

20:10=10020:5020=20m:10m
ں͹ɵľٷֱͬʱ˵ʣֵֻڹʻճȻͶǿȲȵ£ǲȵġٶ

I80c+20v+10mm'=50p'=10

II80c+20v+20mm'=100p'=20

III80c+20v+40mm'=200p'=40
ֵܼƷIʽ30(20v+10m)IIʽ40IIIʽ
7660οַʽ

һʲȣ20vڸϱʾͬĹٶIʽǰ1 1/3Ĺʹ15Ͷ10Сʱ30ֵ20ʣ10ʣֵʽ͵1ͿԹ20Ͷ10Сʱ40ļֵ20ʣ20ʣֵٽ͵2/3ͿԹ30Ͷ10Сʱ60ļֵгȥ20ʣʣ40ʣֵ

ϣʱİٷֱȹɲ䣬ղ䣬ͶǿȲ䣬ʣֵʱ仯仯ˡֻΨһĳϲŷͼ¼ٶ

ĸߵǡú͹ʵĸߵͳɷȡ(ξѧԭ˿ձࡶͼȫ1852lµ3ڵ18ҳ)

ڶͶǿȲȡʱ˵20ͬͶϣÿ10ͶСʱĳƷIʽ30IIʽ40IIIʽ60ÿƷ˺ķеϵļֵ1¼ֵΪÿ϶Ҫ20Ʒ=20ʣʣֵIʽ10Ʒ=10IIʽ20Ʒ=20IIIʽ40Ʒ=40

ճȲȡ20Ͷǿͬ£IʽÿͶ9СʱIIʽÿͶ12СʱIIIʽÿͶ18СʱĩǵܲƷ֮30:40:60͵9:12:18ңΪÿ϶=20ʣֱֵַ102040
77
ɼʵ߻򽵵ͻ෴ķͶǿȵ߻򽵵ͺ͹յӳ̻ͬķӰʣֵʣӶv/CʱӰʡ

2m'vɱ䣬C
ϣıҲõģ

p':p1'=m'v/C:m1'v1/C1=m'v:m'v1=m:m1
֮ȣӦʣֵ֮ȡ

ڿɱʱʱʣֵʵı仯ζżֵƷϺͷϷ˱仯vm'ͬʱ仯ҲǰֵƷϵı仯ǰֵƷϵı仯

(a)vm'෴ķ򣬵ȵ仯磺

80c+20v+10mm'=50p'=10

90c+10v+20mm'=200p'=20%
ϣֵƷȵģṩͶҲȵģ20v+10m=10v+20m=30ֻڣǰһϣ20Ϊ֧10ʣֵںһϣֻ10ʣֵ20ǵvm'ͬʱ仯ʱͶǿȺ͹ճȶֲΨһϡ

(b)m'vҲ෴ķ򣬵ȵ仯ʱvı仯ռƣm'ı仯ռơ
78

I80c+20v+20mm'=100%p'=20

II72c+28v+20mm'=71 3/7%p'=20%

III84c+16v+20mm'=125%p'=20%
IļֵƷ40У20v֧ʣIIļֵƷ48У28v֧ʣIIIļֵƷ36У16v֧ʡֵƷ͹ʶ仯ˣǣֵƷı仯ζṩͶı仯ǹı仯Ͷʱı仯Ͷǿȵı仯һϵı仯

(c)m'vͬķ仯ʱһֱ仯ǿһֱ仯á

90c+10v+10mm'=100%p'=10%

80c+20v+30mm'=150%p'=30%

92c+8v+6mm'=75%p'=6%
ֵƷҲǲͬģ205014ÿϵͶСϵֲֿԻΪͶʱͶǿȵĲ𣬻߻ΪһϵػЩϵĲ

3m'vCɱ
ϲṩκµĹ۵㣬IIm'ɱһõܹʽ


ɼʣֵʴСı仯ʵӰ죬иΣ
79
1v/C䣬ĩp'm'ᰴͬı߻򽵵͡

80c+20v+20mm'=100%p'=20%

80c+20v+10mm'=50p'=10%

100%:50%=20%:10%
2v/Cm'ͬķ仯m'ߣv/CҲߣm'ͣv/CҲͣĩp'm'ոı߻򽵵͡

80c+20v+10mm'=50p'=10%

70c+30v+20mm'=66 2/3p'=20

50:66 2/310%:20ǱȽʵʵıֵĲȺҪ򣻶ǱȽϡ:ǰٶȡִѧõر

3v/Cm'෴ķ򣬵v/Cm'ոСıʱ仯ĩp'm'ոСı߻򽵵͡

80c+20v+10mm'=50%p'=10%

90c+10v+15mm'=150p'=15%

50%:15010:15
4v/Cm'෴ķ򣬵v/Cm'ոıʱ仯ĩm'ͣp'ǻߣ߾m'ߣp'ǻή͡

80c+20v+20mm'=100p'=20%

90c+10v+15mm'=150%p'=15
m'100ߵ150p'20͵15%

5v/Cm'෴ķ򣬵ǡðͬıڴСϷ仯ĩm'߻򽵵ͣp'ǻᱣֲ䡣
80
ֻҪһЩ͡ǰv/Cı仯ʱǿͬһʣֵʿԱΪͬʣǿͬһʿԼͬʣֵΪm'ʱvCıϵκһֱ仯ʵĲ𣬶m'Сϵı仯ʱv/CͱǡӦĳ̶ȣ෴ķСϵı仯ʹʱֲ䡣Σͬһʱͬһҵʱ˵ֻڷǳ²ǿܵġ磬һʱ

80c+20v+20mC=100m'=100%p'=20%
ٶ½ֻҪ16vҪ20vͿԹ͵ͬˡʱ4v£Ǿ͵õ

80c+16v+24mC=96m'=150%p'=25
p'Ҫǰһ=20%ʱͱӵ120Ӷʱͱӵ104

104c+16v+24mC=120m'=150%p'=20%
ΣֻͶŹ½ͬʱ仯Ҫʱɷһֱ仯ʱ򣬻ڲʱĻҼֵ80ӵ104ʱֻ֮ڸżȻһʱ򣬲ǿܵġʵϣm'仯ͬʱvı仯Ҳv/Cı仯 ֻʮض£ֻЩʹù̶ʱͶͶȻṩĲҵţǿġ

ǰҵȽʱͲͬˡ
81ϣͬʣʵ϶ֲͬʣֵʡ

ˣԵóۣʣֵʽͻߣʿߣʣֵ߻߽ͣʿԽͣʣֵ߻߽ͣʿԲ䡣ʣֵʲ䣬ʿߡͻ߲䣬һڵIѾˡ


ɼȡҪأʣֵʺʱļֵɡصãԸ¡ǿðٷֱʾʱĹɣΪ仯ʱеһ֣޹ؽҪġ

ʱʻͬһʱġͬ״̬µʣ

£ȵģ

1ʱİٷֱȹȣʣֵҲȡ

2ʱİٷֱȹɲȣʣֵҲȣʣֵʺͰٷֱȼĿɱʱ(m'v)ĳ˻ȣҲ˵ʱİٷֱȼʣֵ(m=m'v)ȣ仰˵m'vػɷȡ

е£ǲȵģ

1ʱİٷֱȹȣʣֵʲȡʱ֮ȣʣֵ֮ȡ

2ʣֵȣʱİٷֱȹɲȡʱ֮ȣڿɱʱ֮ȡ

3ʣֵʲȣʱİٷֱȹҲȡʱ
82֮ȣm'vĳ˻ʱİٷֱȼʣֵ֮ȡָУʣֵʺʵĲ(m'-p')ԿּΪϸļ㡣ֲиʽȤɫ˶ʾԽԽԶԽԽĸЩ˶ʾûаϱ룬ΪԱֱĿĲôҪЩһоĶ˵򵥵ָһҲ͹ˡ

83

Ŀ¼  һ
