ڶ

ʱѭ
ʱѭܹʽǣPW'G'WPѭʾʱְܵڸ£ҲǱʾ˵ʾʱֳֵ̣ʾʣֵұʾʣֵʾʽϵĲҵʱִһְܣڷְִܣˣ̵¿ʼ㱾涨ˡW'һ(ĳЩϣڲҵʱĳЩͶʲ)ֱΪϣƷͬһͶ̣ļֵͲתΪʵڻһҷţֻȡüֶ֡ⲿֵּͨеļֵ̡̣ͨӦںֵͶW'бʱΪʣƷʵʽĵһ֣Ҳʱ˵Ҫũҵֵע⡣

ʽϣԶ׼ġ

һڵһʽGG'У̣PְܣʹʱͨжϣֻGWW'G'׶֮䵱ý飻ҵʱ̣ͨͨ׶εȫ˶ֻǷΪʼʹѭʼʱΪռ
75ͬһʽѭ¿ʼʽʹѭʱ֮䣬ʹжϣӶֻǳ䵱֮ý顣ֻͨǱΪڸµĺͨ¶еý顣

ڶֵͨʽڻʱѭоеʽ෴ڻʱѭУƲֵ涨˵ͨʽGWG(GW. WG)ʱѭУͬƲֵ涨˵ͨʽȴWGW(WG. GW)ǼƷͨʽ

I
ȿPP֮ͨڽеḶ́W'G'W

ͨƷʱW'=W+w=P+wƷʱְW'G'(ʵƷʱаʱֵ=PƷɲWԼʵƷʱаʣֵͬһƷмֵwһɲ)Ѿѭĵһʽпˡγɱжϵͨĵڶ׶κѭĽ׶Ργѭĵڶ׶Σγͨĵһ׶ΡһѭG'գΪG'ԭGΪʱʼڶѭ԰G'еGg(ʣֵ)ǼͬһУϲͬĹûбҪһоǽһֵ̽һѭ£ǾбҪоˡ
76ʱѭУһǱȷģΪĵһѭʾҪȡһ㣬ѭУW'G'Ϊͨĵһ׶Σ׶ҪGW䡣ʽǴģȡһȷġˣѭȷ仯

ڣȿʱļڵһһٶһ䣬ּٶƷǰǵļֵġЩٶȫʣֵʱҵĸѡƷʱW'һתΪңܶдʱֵһ־ڲҵʱѭмͨһ֣ѾתΪʣֵһƷͨʱΪĻͨĵʱ֮ͨеġ

ǵ˵ƷʱW'10000ɴֵ500422ʱļֵΪ8440ɴĻʽʹǸW'ʼʱͨȥ78ʣֵƷƷĳ1560ɴĻʽ˳ͨһƷͨһĹ

gwһϵûҽеĹʱһҹƷ֧Լͥķ(ͷ)áֹǷɢģڲͬڼеġˣֻʱȡרճ֮õĻҴػҵʽΪ
77ͨжϵĻҾʹػҵʽϡֻҵְֶͨܡҲʱ䵱ػҵʽʽGϵʱֻͨҲԤģǻġ

ٶԤʱȫһ׶תһ׶ΡҲٶPƷƷʱPֵܼ422+дʣֵ78ǵУǿһֿɷƷƷǵӣʣֵ1560ɴʽڣһɴλ㣬2.496˹ɴʽڡ෴ƷƷ˵һֵ̨500ֵͬɵĻĩȻ̨ļֵһ=78ʣֵ78ֻܻУֳܷʱֵʣֵǰѻ飬ͬʹüֵһļֵҲٵˡˣֵɲֻܹƷĸɲʾÿһɴ10000ɴĿɷĶƷҪΪƷW'ĻҪءֳϣƷƷʱȫgܽͨ෴ĳϣֻҪʱ8440ɴ1560ɴĳ۾w(1560ɴ)g(78)w(Ʒ)ʽʣֵһȫͨǲƷ10000ɴÿһֵļֵҪأܲƷڲƷĸϡ10000ɴԷΪʱֵ(c)ɴ7440ֵ372ɱʱֵ(v)ɴ1000ֵ50ʣֵ(m)ɴ1560ֵ78ͬÿһɴҲԷΪc=ɴ11.904˹ֵ8.928ʿv=ɴ1.600˹ֵ1.200ʿm=ɴ2.496˹ֵ1.872ʿʱ
78Ҳ10000ɴγУѰеʣֵҪأɴʵc+v֮͡ǣǰҪ10000ɴȫӶҪ8440ɴĳc+vļֵ(17µ2)ֵɲǷɷ֣ӰֵӰ۸ΪӰʱתζŲͬķգڲͬʱ֮ĳֲ

W'аʱֵʣֵͨW'G'ֳֿܻɲͬĻҶֳϣGgʵʶǼֵתʽֵԭW'ֻǾƷ۸ֶصĽϵı֡

wgwǼ򵥵Ʒͨĵһ׶wgƷʱͨW'G'УӶʱѭУ෴Ĳ׶gwȴѭ֮⣬ΪͬһѭһƷͨΪWwʱֵʣֵͨW'תΪG'ֿ֮ˡɴ˿ɼ

һƷʱW'G'=W'(G+g)ʵʱW'G'лǹͬвͬһƷеʱֵʣֵ˶ͱɿԷ˶Ϊڶ߶ǻҶжʽ

ڶַ룬˵gΪʱҵ뻨GΪʱְֵʽѭĹУĩһΪW'G'̷ΪGWgwϵͿԱΪͨWGWwgwһʽ˵ͨжͨƷͨ

⣬ͲɷָľԵƷ˵ļֵĸɲʵǹطָġ׶صĽҵΪӪҵ󲿷þӪҵշݽĸ
79ȡõκһ׶ζݣֻǽҪɵķݵһʵڵĲ֡ˣֶôʵҲֻݵһϵĲ֡ǣΪȡ׷ӵı֤Ѿ㹻ʵˡ(һ㣬ɲοĵ12¡)

WGлǹͬеʱֵʣֵ˶ֻǲֵط(ʣֵһֲΪ뻨)߸룬ĩʱֵѭУѭǰͷһֱ仯ǵ˵ʱļֵ422ٶʱ480500ͨGWΪһԭֵ5878ļֵͨѭĺ׶Ρֱ仯ͬʱܺʱֵɵı仯һ

W'G'ѭI(GG')ͨĵڶ׶κѭս׶ΣѭУȴѭĵڶ׶κƷͨĵһ׶ΡˣͨG'W'䡣ǣW'G'ڼֳֵ(Pְִܣǵһ׶)֮󣬶Ҽ̵ֳֵĽƷƷW'ҲѾʵ֡ˣʱļֳֵ̺ѾֳʱֵƷƷʵ֣W'G'ġ

ѾٶǼҲǼٶgwGWȫֿwgwWGWͨһʽ˵ƷͨķΧ(ˣҲûбʾ֮ļֵ
80)Ժӹ׾ѧʱ̿ƷĳѵʹüֵʱЩƷӹ׾ѧĴ۶ϣΪþбʹüֵƷ߽ЩƷ

W'һʼΪƷʱֵģȫ̵Ŀģ¸(ֳֵ)ųʱҵʣֵ(ӶҲʱ)󣬵ðִӹ׾ѧҲʱΪԺиѶͶʵġΪʱûнǮȫڵ׷ܣӦõرǣƺʱһֻǽûѵǮǴнʡǮͶʡִӹ׾ѧı߼ЧõݼԭЩǮѵı߼Чü㡣Ȼ㣬ҲûСرʹԴҲޣֻӦЩ΢ĻرԶԶСʱҵʵáǹ˽׼һĴʵʵڵɽʳ˽ϴı߼ЧõģõĻرʵȴǻر()͡ʱҵҪôСĴҪôҪȡѡ

ʵϣʱҵͨУƷw(ƷƷW'ڹ൱wĲ)òʹתΪңɻתΪһϵпɹѵƷǣǲҪС£wʱûиκδ۾͵õһƷֵʣͶĻˣԭΪƷʱW'һɲֳġԣwĴ˵ͺʹڹеʱֵѭһѭһͣٻܵĳָţʱwѣһϵwƷۣܵƣȫֹͣW'G'ɻW'ֻһʱξ

ǽwgwΪʱҵֻͨwW'Ʒʱְʽʱһֵֵʱ򣬲Žʱͨǣͨһͨgwʽ˵ͨwgwͲʱԤʱ˶ȻǴ˶гġ˶ϵֻʱĴʱҵĴΪǰᣬʱҵĴʣֵΪйִӹ׾ѧӪҵ(ʱ)()÷չƶ֮˵ǲǸݡʱĴʱҵĴΪǰᡱǸνʱǾеʶıԵȳ֮

һͨУW'(ɴ)ִֻƷְܣΪ
81ʱͨҪأִƷʱʱֵȡһʽְܡɴԺ󣬾뿪Ǹʱѭ̣ˣΪƷһͨķΧڡͬһƷڼͨȻͨǷɴʱĶѭеҪءˣʱͶͨƷʵյ̬仯WGƷѣʱͿռͬƷΪʱҵƷʱְִʱ̬仯ȫ뿪ʱͨɵͬһ̬仯Ҫһͨڼɡ

ɴٽһҵʱѭҲı䡣һͨȰʱֵͬѭĻཻʱ壬ҲЩΪʱͶгѵļֵͨ

ΪһͨһֵʱѭΪһѭĻڵʱѭ֮ĹϵǿG'G+gͨʱͽһʾGΪʱʹʱѭСgΪ뻨(gw)һͨ˳ʱѭִֻ׷ӻʱְܵһ֣ŽʱѭwgwУִֻҵְܣͨĿʱҵĸѡӹ׾ѧѲʱѭֵͨƷΪѵǸֵͨ˵ʱеѭ͵͵˵Ƕôմ

ڵڶ׶GWУʱֵG=P(￪ʼ˲ҵʱѭʱļֵ)ֳˣѾʣֵ룬ˣļֵҲڻʱѭһ׶GW
82һ󡣾λòͬˣƷʱתɵĻʱְܻһתΪPmAϺͶ

ɼʱֵƷʱְW'G'УwgͬʱWG׶ΣȻڲĽ׶GW=A+PmУˣͨWGW=A+Pm

һʽI(GG'ѭ)УʱGʱֵԤʱԭʽ֣һʼƷʱڵһͨ׶W'G'תɵĻҶһ֣һʼͱʾʱPͨƷƷĳתɻʽʱһʼͲΪʱֵԭʽͽʽڣΪֻʽǸʹWG׶νGW׶βܹɡˣGWǸͬʱGAĲ֣ҲٱΪͶʱĵĻԤǱΪһԤͶƷֵеһֵ֣501000ɴԻʽԤͶԤ˵ĻңֻǹԼƷֵһתɵĵȼʽԤ˵ĲʱҵͶɹֻǹԼͶɹһ֡ˣGWΪGAΪ˵ѾʹʽƷʽƷҰһЩһƷͨ޹صء

G'ΪW'תʽW'Pȥִе̵ְܼĲˣܶG'ǹȥͶĻұ֡ȥͶǷֽɵʱͶ()͵ʱĻͶ(ﻯĹͶ)ӶνͶֵ֮ǹ˽׼ڲ£ǹ˽׼ǰ֮£ǰĹ˽׼Ĺ˽׼֮£ʱûκιϵʱƾʲôͨռй˽׼ǰͶʵ˽׼Ͷ˽׼Ľ죬ֱԶǵ˵ɴ̵Ĳ10000ɴ=5007440ɴ=ԤĲʱc=3721000ɴ=ԤĿɱʱv=501560ɴ=ʣֵm=78ٶG'ֻԭеʱ422Ԥ£ĩ
83GAԤ˵ģֻǹ˱10000ɴһ(1000ɴĻҼֵ)ңΪWGĽǹȥͶı֡ΪGWƷгɣGгִƷཻȻǹȥͶһʽ()תΪһʽ(Ʒ)Ǵʱ˵GWWGǲͬġΪ£Ҳͬʱ磬GWʱҺͰһΪΪWGɵʱңͬʱཻƷGֻƽʱξWGGWʵʱϿ൱Ĳ졣ȻGΪWGΪĽǴȥͶǶGWΪ˵GԴгϻûг֣ŻֵƷתʽΪGWҪWԺŽСGԴһЩƷЩƷGΪұֵWͬʱġ磬GW()Уú̿ڿɳ֮ǰͿԱȥgΪ뻨ΪһʱԴҪ޻ʱһ뼴gwʱҲΡ50AҲҲǹ˹ȥͶĻʽͬʱȡʵֵͬʱͶʵֵδͶƾ֤˿ңһҪܲƳɵ¡һҪѲŲ»ĴҪϣرˣΪʸĻϵõģԼĻ˵δͶתʽʱù˹ȥͶһ֣ΪȡԼδͶƾ֤ˡԼͬʱͶδͶγɻڵĴԹ˹ȥͶִ֧ġ
84γɵĸȫʧˡ

ڶWGW=A+PmͨУͬһα任λãʱΪߵõңȻΪ߸ңƷתΪʽֻΪɻʽתΪƷʽˣʱĻʽΪʱĴڣ˶Уֻһת˲ŵأ˵ֻҪ˶ģʱ䵱ֶʱֻΪֶͨΣʱһ๺ֻ֧ʱűΪֶ֧Ρ

ʱǳ䵱ֶͨΣǳ䵱ֶ֧Σְֻǳ䵱ý飬ʹAPmWҲʹɴĸҪɴʱƷƷ(ʣֵ)ӶʹʱֵƷʽתΪƷĸγҪأˣףʱְֻƷʱתΪʱý顣

ѭҪУW'ͱ밴ļֵȫΣWGWһƷһƷ棬ǰͬһֵ档Ǽٶϵļֵʵǻ䶯ģͶʵĲϱ䶯ʱˣֵĲϱ䶯ʱĹ󡣹Ҫصļֵ䶯Ժֻһ¡ҪתΪƷƷPתΪW'еģW'תΪPͨеġתԼ򵥵Ʒ̬仯ΪýġΪ
85̵һҪءWGWΪʱͨʽһְȷʱ任ΣWGWһҪWƷW'ĸҪȣҪЩҪػ֮άԭеļֵǼٶƷǵļֵ򣬶ѭвֵ䶯ȻĻ̾ͲСֵ˱䶯ôҪάֵľͲǼֵ

GG'УGʱֵԭʽʱֵʽΪȡʽPW'G'WPУGֻڹȡõʽڹоֱʽֻΪʱת˲ŵĶļֵʽΪW'ʱȡʽΪG'ʱһӼΪʽԱתΪʱʽʱֻҪͣڻʽϣͲִʱְܣӶֳֵʱGֶͨεãǣʱֶͨεáʱֵĻʽѭĵһʽ(ʱѭ)оеĶۣڶʽʧˣˣڶʽǶʽIУҰΪһʽڶ̬仯GWϰ(гȱ)ѭ̵ĽУͻжϣʱƷʱʽϵһһʱڻʽϣŵƷʽϣֽܼϳʱ䡣ʱִлʱְܣȻǻңʱõͣƷʱְϣͲٳΪƷٳΪʹü
86ֵƷȻٻõʱΣʱڻʽܹȡԭеʱʽȡһʽΪW'뿪ԭλҵʱҶʱҵĳҪԡ

W'G'WֻǶW'˵ʽΪҪصĸͨΪǣҪW'G'WҪW'ҪתɵWʵҪW'ĵʱ֮еһЩΪ

ʽIУGW=A+Pmֻ׼ɻʱʱĵһתʽIIУ׼ƷʱʱתҲ˵ֻҪҵʱͶʲ䣬׼ƷʱĸͬҪصתˣʽIһΪ̵׼׶ΣǱΪ̵ĸ飬̵ĸ£ӶΪ̵ȵҲǷеļ̵ֳֵȵ

ҪٴָGAǼ򵥵ƷǹʣֵƷAͬGPmֻΪʵĿȱٵһ

GW=A+PmʱGתΪʱPѭ¿ʼ

ʱתΪʱΪƷƷֻѣŽʱѭѵ
87ǣͨѵƷʣֵάߵΪĿĵƷǺܲͬġһʣֵƷƷͱĲƷ(ֻԻΪý)ȫͬǣѧǾԴ֤ʣûпܵġΪ߹˵Ĺʿʣ

תΪAPmGѣѭһGAڶڹ˵AG=WGAGWһڵĹ˵ͨУֻΪGAĵһڽʱѭڶΪGW뵥ʱͨȻǴͨġʱҽ׼˵˽׼ľǱҪģˣͨGWеѣҲǱҪġ

ҪʹʱֵѭȥҪʹʱʣֵW'G'ΪҪֻW'תΪңȻW'ֻΪƷһʹüֵɹĳѻѡW'ͨڹɴмͨǶڰɴ˵ĵʱѭļУҲʲôӰ졣̼Уͬʱɴ˾ʱҺ͹˵ĸҲСһڿΣʱҪҵʱҶʱңζںţνҲΣҲΡ

W'һתΪңͿתΪͶ̵ĴӶ̵ĸʵءˣW'߹򣬻ת˹ⶼûʲôֱӵӰ졣ʱƷĶ٣ȡĹģͲģҪȡ͹ҪԤ
88ΧڴУֱӹ߳˱Ĳҵʱ⣬ֻǴˡһĽڣųƷûʵʽѻѣ̻԰ͬĻĹģСƷѲƷгʱѭ磬ɴһɴʲôɴʱֵѭ¿ʼƷֻҪʱ߿һоͶʱֵѭͲжϡֹˣϵѵ󣬡ĩʱ˵ĸ()ҲΪΪȵýġʣֵӶʱҵĸѣ̿Դڷǳٵ״̬УƷһ󲿷ֻǱϽѣʵǶѻתߵûʵȻгϡʱƷĳһһӿڷ֣ǰӿĳֻǱϱûƷʱгϻλáӿƷΪֻýͼ۸ۡǰӿƷûбֽ֧ȴѾƷ߲ò֧Ϊ֧ò۾ֳͬʵ״޹ءͬйصģֻֻ֧ǰƷתΪҵľԱҪִӹ׾ѧȴԹƽƷۡΣˡǱ󣬼ֱϣǱʱʱĽʱ̵ϡˮεķˮô࣬ˮˮٳнεˮ

GҪΪʱΪҪתΪʱʱְֵܣҪתΪƷPmAЩƷҪڲͬʱڹ֧GWǴһϵ̽еĹ
89֧ĩGһGWΪʱһ־ͣڻ״̬УҪɹ̱涨ʱڣЩͬʱл̽еGWΪзáGʱͨ˳ֻΪ˵һʱãְִܡ£汾һͨΪͨ涨ְܣΪ֧Ĵڣ˶ֹͨж״̬ǻΪʱִлҵһְܵ״̬ΪʱΪʱھֹ״̬ĻұǻʱG(G'-g=G)һ֣ƷʱͬΪѭʱֵPȵǲֵּһ֡һ棬һдͨ˳ĻңǴػҵʽСˣҵʽ˻ʱְܣGWлΪֶλֶ֧εְܳΪʱְһΪʱֵԻʽڣ״̬ѭϵ涨ġҵʱһ׶ȡ״̬ͬʱһ֤ˣʱڲҵʱѭУִлְ⣬ִκְܣְֻֻѭ׶εϵͬʱʱְܵ塣

G'ΪgGĹϵΪʱϵֱӵ˵ǻʱְܣƷʱW'ְܣƷʱW'ΪwWĹϵֻǱʾ̵ĽֻǱʾʱֳֵĽ

̵ͨļϰGг״ȵⲿòֹGWְܣһ򳤻
90̵ڼͣڻ״̬Уʱұִػ״̬״̬ڼƷͨҲᷢWGGWתⲿжϡǷԸĻءǿĳϣҾõġǱڵĻʱʽڲһо⡣

ǣֳϣʱͣڻ״̬У˶жϵĽ˶жǺϺĿĵĻΥĿĵģԸĻǷԸģְӦĻְΥġжϵԸǷԤʾΣ뷱٣

IIۺ͹ģ
̿ı涨ģǼϹ涨ģˣѾʵֵʣֵȻҪʱҪɴѭķҪĹģ(ҲҪ۵ҪĹģִӹ׾ѧֲġ)ʱʵִ׷ʱְܣ봦ڹеʱֵѭˣʣֵΪػңһʽγǱڵĻʱֻʱǱڵģΪͣڻʽʱΪʱáɼرΪһְʱ۹У
91ͬʱֺбҪءΪǱڵĻʱγɲʹ̱෴ǱڵĻʱγɣΪʱֱ߲ĹģʣƷһµĽͶͨĽߣߡһġһһֱʣƷ׷ӵĽˣĩǱڵĻʱڱγһϣ磬ԭг䵱ֶͨε78ʱֻȡػҵʽ˵ֻǱĽڷϷ仯

ʱҵĽִֶ֧εְ(䷽ʽƷҪ򳤻̵ʱڲ֧)ĩҪʱʣƷͲתΪңתΪծȨҲǶ߻ѾֵֻĵȼȨҺͶϢ֤ȯȵĻһѭ̣ȻԽҵʱѭνͶϢ֤ȯϣָͶһггϢ֤ȯϣָͶڶгϢ֤ȯϡΪͶڶгĻңȲѭ̣Ҳֱӽҵʱѭ

ʱȫʣԤʱֳֵģ˵ܶʣֵģ(ο122)ʱʣֵʱתġۻģʣֵ󣬴Ӷʱҷ¸ֶΣʱҵĸĿģҰʱһУǺһָģʱķչκεʱҶΪһֱҪʱĲ󣬳ΪʱǰѾ˵⣬ǲظ
92
ǿٶȫʣֵΪ뻨ʵϣʣֵҪһΪ뻨һʱһڼʣֵǷʱȫѵʱȫʱȫûйϵġ˶ƽܹʽҲֻܴƽζᷢΪ˲ʹʽӻûǼٶʣֵȫʽPW'G'W'=A+PmP'ʾһʱĹģԸļֵΪѾʱʼĵڶѭ˵ĵһѭһڶѭʼPֳΪ㣻P͵һPȣѾһʱGG'ʽеG'ʼڶѭʱG'ΪGΪһԤʱְִܣʼһѭĻʱȣһĻʱǣһΪԤʱְִܣʣֵʱһйϵ㶼ʧˡԴʼѭĻʱʽʧˡһP'ΪһѭְִܣҲ

PP'GG'һѭȽһ£ͻ֣ᷢߵĺȫͬGG'Ϊһѭʾʱ(ΪʱѭĲҵʱ)GǻҵĻңֵļֵʣֵPѭУֳֵ̱ڵһ׶μ̽ʱѾɣڵڶ׶(ͨĵһ׶)W'G'֮ʱֵ+ʣֵѾΪʵ˵ĻʱΪG'ˣG'ڵһѭΪռֵġʣֵǰ濼PP
93ʽУwgwʾwgwĵڶ׶βʱͨʾΪʣֵͨˣȫ˶PPʾ֮䲻ڼֵʽУԤֳֵʣֵǺGG'һʾģW'G'ΪGG'ǱΪս׶ΣPPΪѭĵڶ׶Σͨĵһ׶Ρ

PP'УP'ʾģʣֵʣֵѾʱ˵ʱѾۣˣP'Pͬԭеʱֵʱֵ˶лʱļֵɵġ

ΪGG'ĵսG'ԼһѭгֵW'Ǳ˶Ǳ˶ĽƷʽʽʵֵʱֳֵǰʱֵΪG+gW+wΪʱֵʣֵĹϵǰΪѾֳʱֵĲͬͨʽǲW'ʽϣG'ʽϣļֳֵȲǻʱְܣҲƷʱְܡΪҵʱְӦĲͬʽڷʽʱֻɻҵְܣƷʱֻƷְܣߵֻǻҺƷͬʱʽĲҵʱҲκαһγɲƷͶһֻҪعɣһﻯͶ()һ(Ŀ
94)õͶĿʱҵĶͶģҪͶʱҵĿķáҵʱֻܴںһ̣ӶҲͷʱӦĹУͬͨҲֺֻܴͨӦʽƷʽͻʽСǣͶǱ˵ͶʱҪͶﹺͶҪƷﹺȫһԸҪصܺʹһʼͱΪʱ̱ҲΪҵʱְܣͬҺƷҲΪͬһҵʱͨʽǵְҲΪҵʱְͨܣЩְܻʱְܵȵǴʱְܲְܺƷְͬʱǻʱְܺƷʱְܣֻΪҵʱѭ̲ͬ׶ҪɵְܵʽǻϵġˣͼӻҺƷʱʵóǻңƷƷЩԺְܣǴģͼʱȡһڷʽóʱԣͬǴġҪǽһⷽĴͺˡ

һG'W'ΪG+gW+w̶ΪʱֵķʣֵĹϵ̶ֹϵͻʽϱʾһڻʽϣһƷʽϣⱾûʲôӰ졣ˣֹϵȲԴڻұеԺְܣҲԴƷеԺְܡϣʱԣʱֵļֵֻΪW'ʼPְܵĲG'ʼֻW'ڲҵʱѭеתʽˣѾʵֵĻʱֻҪ¿ʼִΪʱְܣͲٱְ
95G'=G+gеʱϵGG'ѾɣG'¿ʼѭʱG'ʣֵʹȫʱˣG'ҲΪG'ΪG֡ǵ˵һѭ422Ļʱʼڶѭ500ʼʼڶѭĻʱȴǰ78һѭһѭȽʱŴڵģǣֱȽκһѭڲǲڵġΪʱԤ500Ȼ78ǰʣֵͬһʱʼһѭ500ûʲôͬʱѭҲѾP'¿ʼʱΪP֣ͼPPеPûʲô

G'W'=A+Pm׶ϣѾֻW'ʾA'Pm'ʾΪWAPm֮ͣW'ѾʾаAPm֮ʹԭPΣʹA'Pm'ķţǴģΪ֪ʱʱʱļֵҲᷢ仯ֱ仯PmļֵAļֵԵؼ٣ǾԵؼ١

IIIһ
gתΪʣֵܷټ봦ڹеʱֵӶʱGһγG'ѭ̣ҪȡһЩgĵ޹صgΪʱͶһҵһҵǺԣֻдﵽ
96ҵҪʱҵԭеҵPĸҪصıǵļֵҲҪgһҵʹõһϣʵĹϵһĹϵһֱʱĸҪصЩʱԼеļֵ涨һgﵽΪʱתΪ׷ӵϺͶֻתΪǰߡɼɴͬʱӦ޻ʹַĻͲɴĿҲ˵ҵҪ޻͹ʵ֧ˣҪʵҵʣֵѾﵽ൱(ͨÿ°װһɴһ)gûдﵽǰʱѭηֱʱgܹܶGһְִܣ˵G'W'=A+Pmְִܡ·ɴϸСı仯ֻҪֱ仯߻ЧʣҪӷɴϵģҪӴַĻȵȡˣgЪڼֻۣgְܣPPеĽgְͣڻ״̬Уֱɼֳֵķѭⲿõֵ׷ӣﵽΪְִܶܶеgֻдﵽʵΪʱΪְִܵĻʱGĻ۲֣ͬGһְִܡЪڼ䣬ţֻǴһγɡػҵʽСˣһۣأΪʵۼҵʱùģʱĹ̡ʱģΪػֻҪͣ״̬
97УͲִʱְܣμӼֳֵ̣ȻһҶҶԻֻΪûöڵĻұͶͬһǮȥ

ػʽֻǲͨеĻҵʽֻҵͨжˣ˾ͱڻʽϡڻصḺ́һƷеģֻڲġʱǰƷʽУΪػҶػҡػұΪʱʽرΪʱʱḶ́ΪֻΪ䵱ǱڵĻʱΪأԻʽڵʣֵ״̬ʣֵתΪʵְִܵʱ˵һʱѭ֮еġְȷԤ׶ΡɼǱڵĻʱʹΪ˽̶ﵽÿһζʱļֵɾġֻҪͣ״̬УͻִлʱְܣõĻʱǰ˵ְжϵĻʱǻְִܵĻʱ

￼ĻһۣıʵڵʽʵʵĻءһҲܴڳW'ʱҵĵĴծȨʽϡǱڵĻʱڼЪڼ仹ԻҵĻҵʽڣΪеϢĳƱݻм֤ȯЩʽоķΧڻʵֵʣֳֵ£ڲһʣֵĲҵʱѭ֮⣬ִĳЩʱְܣЩְܣȺѭ޹أΣһЩͲҵʱְܲͬġ
98ﻹûвʱְΪǰġ

IV׼
ϿʽΪʣֵʽػңǻһۻʱʱеĻʽҾһ˵ʱ۵ֻۻ𻹿ĸְܣҲǿԽʱѭ̣ûʹ̾PP'ʽûʹʱ

W'G'̳ʱ䣬ƷʱͣʽתĹУߣת֮󣬱˵ʱתɵϵļ۸ǣѭʼʱˮƽŻʽõػңͿʱһ֡һۻͳ䵱׼ѭгֵĸš

Ϊ׼𣬺PPѭпĹֶλֶ֧εĻǲͬġֶֹκְִֶ֧ܵĻʱһ(ǴڹеʱֵһֵĴʽ)ʱĸֻڲͬʱְִܡУ׼ʱγɣΪսԺҪٰ֧ƷԺҪƷˣڼ䣬ʱһֲԻʽڡ෴׼ְִܵʱɲ֣ȷе˵ְִܵĻʱɲ֣Ǵڻ۵Ԥ
99еʱɲ֣ǻûתΪܶʱʣֵɲ֡⣬Զʱڼʱ᲻еĻҵĹ涨ְܣӵеһУ֤ʱѭճС磬ǵ˵G=422G'=500422ʱһΪֶ֧κ͹ֶεĻΪҴڣĩǴȫѭΪҲ㹻ˡ׼ȴ78ʣֵġֻ֣422ʱѭ½ʱܽѭ̣Ϊǻۻһ֣òûʹĹģǹؼӲ񱨱죬ԱȽֽδı仯

һۻѾǱڵĻʱĴڣӶѾǻҵʱת

Ѽ͹ģڵʱѭܹʽǣ

PW'G'. GW=A+PmP(P')

P=PһG=G'-gP=P'һGʹG'-g˵gȫ򲿷ֵתΪʱ

ʱѭǹŵ侭ѧҵʱѭ̵ʽ


100
Ŀ¼  һ
